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Paul Julius Freiherr von Reuter (Baron de Reuter) (21 July 1816 – 25 February 1899), a German entrepreneur, pioneer of telegraphy and news reporting〔(Paul Julius Reuter: a Dictionary of World History 2000 )〕 was a journalist and media owner, and the founder of the Reuters news agency,〔(Company History (1889-1799) - Thomson Reuters )〕 since 2008 part of the Thomson Reuters conglomerate. ==Biography== He was born in Kassel, Germany, to a Jewish family.〔(Paul Reuter - Britannica Student Encyclopaedia )〕 His father was a rabbi, Samuel Levi Josaphat, his mother was Betty Sanders. His birthname was Israel Beer Josafat. In Göttingen, Reuter met Carl Friedrich Gauss, who was experimenting with the transmission of electrical signals via wire. On 29 October 1845, he moved to London, where he went by the name Joseph Josephat. On 16 November 1845, he converted to Christianity, in a ceremony at St. George's German Lutheran Chapel in London〔(Encyclopedia of World Biography 2004 )〕 and changed his name to Paul Julius Reuter. One week later on November 23, he married ''Ida Maria Elizabeth Clementine Magnus'' in Berlin. Reuter, a former bank clerk, became a partner in Reuter and Stargardt, a Berlin book-publishing firm, in 1847. The firm distributed radical pamphlets at the beginning of the Revolutions of 1848, which may have brought official scrutiny on Reuter. Later that year he left for Paris〔http://www.britannica.com/〕 and worked there in Charles-Louis Havas' news agency, the future Agence France Presse. While telegraphy evolved, Reuter first founded the Reuters News Agency in Aachen, which transferred messages between Brussels and Aachen using carrier pigeons. This was the missing link to connect Berlin and Paris. The carrier pigeons were much faster than the post train, giving Reuter faster access to stock news from the Paris stock exchange. In 1851, the carrier pigeons were superseded by a direct telegraph link.〔Standage, T. ''The Victorian Internet'' (1999)〕 A telegraph link was established between Britain and the European continent through the English Channel. This link was extended to the south-western shore of Ireland, at Cork in 1863. There ships coming from America threw canisters containing news into the sea. The news was telegraphed to London, arriving before the ships. In 1851 Reuter moved back to London and set up an office at the London Stock Exchange. Reuter founded Reuters, one of the major financial news agencies of the world. On 17 March 1857, Reuter was naturalised as a British subject, and on 7 September 1871, the German Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha conferred a barony (Freiherr) on Julius Reuter. The title was later "confirmed by Queen Victoria as conferring the privileges of the nobility in England".〔(Baroness Reuter, last link to news dynasty, dies )〕 In 1872, Nasir al-Din Shah, Shah of Iran, signed an agreement with Reuter, the Reuter concession selling him all of railroads, canals, most of the mines, all the government's forests, and all future industries of Iran. George Nathaniel Curzon called it "The most complete and extraordinary surrender of the entire industrial resources of a kingdom into foreign hands that has ever been dreamed of".〔''Persia and the Persian question'', Vol.I London. Frank Cass and Co. Ltd. 1966. p.480〕 The Reuter concession was immediately denounced by all ranks of businessmen, clergy, and nationalists of Persia, and the concession was quickly forced into cancellation. Baron de Reuter had three sons; Herbert, 2nd Baron de Reuter,〔 The 2nd Baron (born 1852, died 1915) committed suicide 3 days after the death of his wife.〕 George, 3rd Baron de Reuter, and André Reuter. His only daughter, Clementine Maria, married Count Otto Stenbock, and after his death, Sir Herbert Chermside, a governor of Queensland.〔(ADB - Sir Herbert Chermside )〕 George, 3rd Baron de Reuter had two sons, Oliver, 4th Baron de Reuter, and Ronald Reuter. The last member of the family, Marguerite, Baroness de Reuter, widow of the 4th baron and Paul Reuter's granddaughter-in-law, died on 25 January 2009, at the age of 96.〔 Paul Reuter died in Villa Reuter, Nice, France, and was buried in the family vault at West Norwood Cemetery in London. Edward G. Robinson portrayed Reuter in the Warner Bros. biopic ''A Dispatch from Reuter's'' (1940). On 25 February 1999, the Reuters News Agency commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of its founder by launching a university award (Paul Julius Reuter Innovation Award) in Germany.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Reuter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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